How square and rectangular hollow sections are made, EN 10210 versus EN 10219, ASTM A500 versus A1085, the tolerances to inspect, galvanising rules, and what really moves HSS price.
A practical guide to moving steel from China to Europe via Rotterdam: realistic transit timelines, FOB vs CIF vs DAP risk transfer, container versus breakbulk choices, customs and CBAM documentation, and hinterland delivery.
CBAM is the EU carbon border tax on steel, definitive from 2026. This guide explains who pays, default values versus verified actuals, the embedded-emission data exporters must provide, and how to price carbon into EU steel quotations.
PED 2014/68/EU is the EU law for pressure equipment above 0.5 bar. This guide covers scope, categories I to IV, conformity modules, approved materials, EN 10204 3.1 MTCs, and what to specify when buying pressure steel for the EU.
EN 1090 is the EU gateway for structural steel. This guide explains EN 1090-1/-2, execution classes EXC1 to EXC4, CE marking, the Declaration of Performance, and what to specify when buying structural steel for the European market.
P = 2St/D explained with yield, code-allowable and mill-test worked examples, thin-wall limits, and how to reverse it for ordering wall thickness.
What random, single-random, double-random and exact lengths mean in practice, why they price differently, and how to write length into a PO.
Verified wall and OD tolerance tables across the four standard families, nominal-wall vs minimum-wall logic, and how to write tolerances into a PO.
Container and break-bulk packing practice for carbon steel pipe: end protection, VCI and rust control, strapping, coated pipe handling and claim-proof photos.
Why idler tube is not ordinary pipe — end-zone OD and ovality, straightness, wall uniformity, manufacturing routes and what OEMs actually specify.